75th Ranger Regiment: Elite Warriors Leading the Way

The 75th Ranger Regiment is a specialised light infantry unit within the U.S. Army, recognized for its rapid deployment capabilities and specialised operations. The regiment operates under the U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) and undertakes targeted missions globally.

Originating in World War II, the Rangers have undergone significant evolution over the decades. Moreover, their early tactics have influenced modern military operations. Today, the regiment is equipped to conduct a variety of operations, including airfield seizures and also direct-action raids.

A rigorous selection and training process drives the regiment’s effectiveness. Known as the Ranger Assessment and Selection Program (RASP), it ensures that only the most capable and also most talented gain admission. Additionally, with advanced weaponry and technology, the Rangers are equipped to address the challenges of contemporary warfare. Their multiple specialised battalions also enable them to adapt to diverse mission requirements and environments. This flexibility has proven valuable in recent U.S. military operations in regions such as Afghanistan and Iraq.

Looking forward, the 75th Ranger Regiment continually evolves by integrating new technologies and additionally, new tactics to address emerging threats. As global security challenges change, the Rangers remain engaged in adapting to these developments. Furthermore, this reflects high standards of military professionalism and dedication. It also reflects their attempts to maintain their role as a key component of the U.S. military’s strategic capabilities.

1 Motto, Symbols, Patches, and History

1.1 Motto

“Rangers Lead The Way”

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The motto of the 75th Ranger Regiment is a powerful symbol of their leadership and courage. This phrase was born during the D-Day landings on June 6, 1944. Brigadier General Norman Cota encouraged the 5th Ranger Battalion to press forward against fierce German resistance at Omaha Beach. His words, “Rangers, lead the way!” became a defining moment encapsulating the Rangers’ spirit.

This motto reflects the regiment’s commitment to excellence and leadership in every mission. It aligns with the “Big Five Philosophy” which includes: 

1. Marksmanship 
2. Physical training
3. Medical training
4. Small-unit tactics 
5. Mobility 

These core elements ensure that each Ranger is prepared to succeed in diverse and challenging environments.

The “Ranger Creed” further embodies the ethos and values of the regiment, emphasising mental alertness, physical strength, and moral integrity. It serves as a constant reminder of the Rangers’ responsibilities and their unwavering commitment to their comrades and also their country. (source)

1.2 Symbols

The 75th Ranger Regiment’s symbols, such as the Ranger Tab and tan beret, are integral to their identity. This Ranger Tab, worn on the shoulder, signifies the completion of the rigorous Ranger School, marking the wearer as a highly trained leader. It is a testament to their ability to operate in diverse environments and also reflects the Rangers’ commitment to excellence.

The tan beret, a distinctive piece of headgear, symbolises the elite status of the Rangers. Its colour is reminiscent of the leather caps worn by early American rangers. This connects the regiment to its historical roots in World War II. 

Wearing the tan beret signifies that the individual is a proven warrior, recognised for their skill and dedication. (source)

1.2.1 75th Ranger Regiment Distinctive Unit Insignia (DUI)

The 75th Ranger Regiment Distinctive Unit Insignia (DUI), or unit crest, was first approved for the 75th Infantry Regiment on 18 March 1969. It was later redesigned for the 75th Ranger Regiment on 3 February 1986.

The insignia’s colours—blue, white, red, and also green—represent four of the original combat teams of Merrill’s Marauders. This was the forebearer of the regiment. The sun symbol, taken from the Chinese flag, and the white star for Burma, additionally reflect historical alliances and campaigns. The red lightning bolt signifies quick-strike tactics. The DUI is worn on the Army Green Service Uniform and also the blue Army Service Uniform, symbolising the regiment’s historical and operational legacy. (source)

1.3 Patches

The 75th Ranger Regiment uses several different patches and badges to identify its units. This includes:

Unit	Combat Service Identification Badge	Beret Flash
75th Ranger Regiment Regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Company
Regimental Military Intelligence Battalion: – Headquarters and Headquarters Company – Military Intelligence Company – Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Company
Regimental Special Troops Battalion: – Ranger Reconnaissance Company (RRC) – Ranger Communications Company (RCC) – Ranger Military Intelligence Company (RMIC) – Ranger Selection and Training Company (RS&TC)
Ranger Reconnaissance Company (RRC)
1st Ranger Battalion: – Headquarters and Headquarters Company – Alpha Company (Rifle) – Bravo Company (Rifle) – Charlie Company (Rifle) – Delta Company (Specialty) – Echo Company (Support)
2nd Ranger Battalion: – Headquarters and Headquarters Company – Alpha Company (Rifle) – Bravo Company (Rifle) – Charlie Company (Rifle) – Delta Company (Specialty) – Echo Company (Support)
3rd Ranger Battalion: – Headquarters and Headquarters Company – Alpha Company (Rifle) – Bravo Company (Rifle) – Charlie Company (Rifle) – Delta Company (Specialty) – Echo Company (Support)

1.4 History (source)

1.4.1 French Indian War

The 75th Ranger Regiment’s history is a testament to its enduring legacy and adaptability. Originating in the mid-1700s, early Ranger units were formed by Captain Benjamin Church and also Major Robert Rogers during the King Philip’s War and the French and Indian War. Rogers’ “19 Standing Orders” remain foundational to Ranger training today.

1.4.2 Revolutionary War

During the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress established the Corps of Rangers. This was led by figures like Dan Morgan and Francis Marion, known as “The Swamp Fox.” These early Rangers set the stage for the unit’s future in unconventional warfare. In the War of 1812, Rangers patrolled the frontier, engaging British forces. 

1.4.3 Civil War

The Civil War saw the rise of Confederate Rangers like John Singleton Mosby, whose tactics also influenced modern Ranger operations.

1.4.4 World War II

World War II marked a significant evolution, with the activation of six Ranger battalions. The 1st Ranger Battalion, Maj. William O. Darby, participated in key operations in North Africa and Europe. The 2nd and also the 5th Battalions famously landed at Omaha Beach on D-Day, earning the motto “Rangers Lead The Way.”

1.4.5 Post-World War II

After WWII, the Rangers were deactivated but re-emerged with significant roles during the Korean and Vietnam Wars. In Korea, fifteen Ranger companies were formed. They played crucial roles in battles like the Battle for Hill 205 during the winter of 1950-1951. 

In Vietnam, the Rangers conducted long-range reconnaissance patrols, disrupting enemy operations. The 75th Infantry Regiment was later reorganised, leading to the formation of the modern 75th Ranger Regiment in 1986.

Additionally, the Regiment played essential roles in operations such as Urgent Fury in Grenada, Just Cause in Panama, Desert Storm, and Operation Gothic Serpent in Somalia, where they demonstrated exceptional skill in urban combat.

The 75th Ranger Regiment also continued to adapt to contemporary warfare. It conducted operations in Afghanistan before the withdrawal of American troops and still active in Iraq. The Regiment remains a versatile and elite force, additionally embodying a legacy of excellence and innovation in military operations.

2 Structure

2.1 Place within Broader Government Structures

The 75th Ranger Regiment is an integral component of the United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC), serving both as the premier light infantry and also direct-action raid force. 

This elite unit is composed of around 3500 members and specialises in joint special operations raids and also forcible entry operations, often operating deep within enemy territories to support U.S. national policies and objectives. The regiment’s structure includes a regimental headquarters company, a military intelligence battalion, a special troops battalion, and three Ranger battalions. 

These are strategically stationed at Fort Moore, Georgia; Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia; and also Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Seattle, Washington.

The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ranger Battalions are renowned for their rapid deployment capabilities and additionally their exceptional combat skills. 

The Regimental Special Troops Battalion (RSTB) and the Ranger Military Intelligence Battalion (RMIB) actively bolster them by delivering essential reconnaissance, intelligence, and also communications support.

Within the Regimental Special Troops Battalion (RSTB), the Regimental Reconnaissance Company (RRC) serves as a vital link to the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), facilitating seamless coordination for special operations.

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2.2 Ranger Battalions

The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ranger Battalions, collectively known as the “Line Battalions,” are the backbone of the 75th Ranger Regiment. These specialised infantry units are renowned for their exceptional combat skills, versatility, and also rapid deployment capabilities. 

Tasked with executing a variety of high-stakes missions, these battalions excel in: 

• direct-action raids
• special reconnaissance
• airfield seizures
• counterterrorism operations

The Ranger’s ability to deploy anywhere in the world within 18 hours underscores their strategic importance. Characterised by proficiency in small-unit tactics, marksmanship, physical fitness, and also leadership, the Ranger Battalions are often at the forefront of special operations. (source)

Each of the three battalions is composed of the following companies:

• Headquarters and Headquarters Company
• Alpha Company (Rifle)
• Bravo Company (Rifle)
• Charlie Company (Rifle)
• Delta Company (Specialty)
• Echo Company (Support)

2.2.1 1st Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment

The 1st Battalion is headquartered at Hunter Army Airfield in Georgia. Since its activation in 1974, the battalion has been developing and implementing innovative combat strategies. Known for its expertise in direct-action raids and airfield seizures, the 1st Battalion played a significant role in historical operations such as the Iranian hostage rescue attempt and Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada. 

Its strategic location and also its readiness enable it to respond swiftly to global threats, ensuring that the battalion remains a vital component of U.S. military operations. The battalion’s commitment to excellence and adaptability in diverse environments also sets a high standard for elite military units worldwide.

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2.2.2 2nd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment

Stationed at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington, the 2nd Battalion is renowned for its versatility and proficiency in urban warfare and also counterterrorism operations. Activated in 1974, the battalion has distinguished itself in numerous high-profile missions, including Operations Just Cause in Panama and also Urgent Fury in Grenada. 

The 2nd Battalion’s rigorous training emphasises adaptability and precision, allowing it to operate effectively in complex urban settings and additionally, challenging terrains. Its focus on counterterrorism also makes it a critical asset in addressing modern security challenges. The battalion’s ability to integrate new technologies and tactics also ensures its continued relevance and effectiveness in future operations.

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2.2.3 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment

Based at Fort Benning, Georgia, the 3rd Battalion specialises in strategic missions, including personnel recovery and securing critical infrastructure. Activated in 1984, the battalion has been instrumental in operations such as capturing key targets in Iraq during the Global War on Terrorism. 

The 3rd Battalion is known for its proficiency in small-unit tactics and leadership. Its focus on strategic objectives and also its ability to operate in diverse environments highlight its importance in the Ranger Regiment’s mission. The battalion’s dedication to continuous improvement and also innovation ensures its readiness to meet evolving global security challenges.

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2.2.4 Regimental Special Troops Battalion (RSTB)

Based at Fort Benning, Georgia, the Regimental Special Troops Battalion (RSTB) was officially activated on October 16, 2007, in response to the evolving demands of modern warfare. The battalion plays a crucial role in enhancing the operational capabilities of the 75th Ranger Regiment, providing essential support in: 

• Command and control
• Communications
• Computers
• Intelligence
• Surveillance
• Reconnaissance. 

The Battalion is composed of 4 specialised companies:

1. Ranger Reconnaissance Company (RRC): Provides reconnaissance and also environmental preparation globally to support the 75th Ranger Regiment and other special operations units.
2. Ranger Communications Company (RCC): Supplies command and control and communications support for combat operations and also fulfils additional communication requirements for special operations task forces.
3. Ranger Military Intelligence Company (RMIC): Conducts human, signal, and imagery intelligence, as well as all-source analysis operations, in support of combat missions for the 75th Ranger Regiment and special operations command.
4. Ranger Selection and Training Company (RS&TC): Manages the Ranger Assessment and Selection Program (RASP 1 and 2), Small Unit Ranger Tactics (SURT), and also the Pre-Special Operations Combat Medical Course (PSOCM), serving as the entry point into the Regiment.

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2.2.5 Regimental Military Intelligence Battalion

Based at Fort Benning, Georgia, the 75th Ranger Regiment’s Military Intelligence Battalion (RMIB) was established on May 22, 2017, to enhance operational capabilities and to also address U.S. Army readiness challenges. The RMIB plays a supporting role in the Regiment’s missions by providing intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, cyber, and additionally, electronic warfare support. This battalion is integral to the Army’s modernisation strategy, preparing soldiers to confront near-peer competitors like China, Iran, North Korea, and also Russia.

2.2.5.1 Structure of the RMIB

The RMIB is composed of three specialised companies: 

1. Headquarters and Headquarters Company: ensures seamless command and control. 
2. Military Intelligence Company: gathers and analyses intelligence to support tactical, operational and strategic decisions.
3. Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Company: focuses on cyber operations and electronic warfare, essential for maintaining digital battlefield dominance.

Each company contributes uniquely to the Regiment’s diverse missions. 

The RMIB’s alignment with the multi-domain battle concept emphasises integrating combined arms across all domains, allowing U.S. forces to outmanoeuvre adversaries. By fostering new collection, exploitation, and analytical practices, the RMIB also enhances the Regiment’s adaptability to modern warfare’s dynamic nature, ensuring effective countermeasures against near-peer threats.

The battalion’s commitment to continuous improvement and innovation reinforces the Regiment’s readiness and informs the Army’s broader structure and emerging operating concepts. This includes developing capabilities for tailored, distributable, and interdependent operations, additionally enhancing the Army’s ability to project power across multiple domains. 

The RMIB’s integration of cyber and electronic warfare capabilities, alongside its emphasis on interoperability with conventional and special operations forces, also underscores its role in maintaining a competitive edge in global security challenges.

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2.3 Training and Recruitment

The training and selection process for the 75th Ranger Regiment is one of the most demanding in the U.S. military and is also designed to ensure only the most capable and resilient soldiers join their ranks. The rigorous program emphasises physical endurance, mental toughness, and additionally advanced combat skills. This elite unit’s selection process ensures that only those who exemplify the highest standards of excellence and dedication become Rangers.

2.3.1 Requirements

All Ranger candidates must meet the following requirements:

• Must be a U.S. citizen.
• Active Duty Army Soldiers with no pending UCMJ action. 
• GT Score of 100 or higher (waiver case by case) 
• Airborne Qualified or agree to attend airborne training prior to assignment 
• Eligible to obtain a secret clearance.
• Pass physical requirements which include the Ranger Fitness Test
  • 41 T-push-ups
  • 2:35 plank
  • 5 miles in 40 minutes or less
  • 6 pull-ups, 
  • Water Assessment
  • 12-mile foot-march with a 35 lb rucksack and weapon in 3 hours or less.

2.3.1.1 Enlisted Soldier

• Be a U.S. citizen.
• Have an ASVAB placement test TECH score of 105 or above.
• Meet physical fitness requirements by completing the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT), clearing the height and weight standards.
• Have a specific Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) authorised to be hired by the 75th Ranger Regiment, including Infantryman (11B), Wheeled Vehicle Mechanic (91B), Parachute Rigger (92R), and many more.
• Re-class into a Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) found in the 75th Ranger Regiment.
• Be eligible for a secret security clearance.

2.3.1.2 Army Officer

• Have an MOS found in the 75th Ranger Regiment.
• Hold the rank of first Lieutenant, Captain, or Major.
• Be eligible for a secret security clearance. 

2.3.2 Ranger Assessment and Selection Programs (RASP)

The RASP is a physically and mentally demanding eight-week course at Fort Moore, Georgia. It is designed to evaluate and prepare soldiers for service in the 75th Ranger Regiment. RASP is divided into two phases, each targeting different skill sets and leadership levels.

RASP 1 is tailored to Junior Noncommissioned Officers and Enlisted Soldiers, specifically those in pay grades E-1 through E-5. This phase focuses on foundational skills, ensuring that participants meet the rigorous standards expected of a Ranger.

RASP 2 is intended for Senior Non-commissioned Officers, Officers, and also Warrant Officers. This phase emphasises leadership and advanced tactics, additionally preparing candidates for higher responsibilities within the Regiment.

The program includes two phases:

• Phase 1 involves physical and psychological tests, including a 12-mile ruck march, land navigation exercises, medical first responder tests, and also psychological screenings. These assessments are designed to test the endurance, resilience, and mental fortitude of candidates.

• Phase 2 focuses on Ranger skills training, including direct-action combat, airfield seizure, personnel recovery, marksmanship, and also explosives. This phase ensures that candidates are well-equipped with the specialised skills necessary for the complex missions undertaken by the 75th Ranger Regiment.

2.3.3 Ranger Officer

The Regiment’s Commissioned Officers bring leadership and also operational expertise to the unit. They possess a variety of experience in conventional and special operations units and have extensive special skills training. 

Ranger officers are: 

1. Second-time platoon leaders
2. Company commanders
3. Battalion commanders. 

They take valuable lessons learned in combat and tactics, techniques, and procedures with them to their next assignments.

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2.3.4 Ranger Warrant Officer

Ranger Warrant Officers provide technical expertise to commanders and staff, facilitating both Army and also SOF-specific requirements for Rangers. Their experience, knowledge, and training provide crucial links that assist in synchronizing key functions and operations in the Ranger Regiment. Ranger Warrants also reside at various levels in Logistics, Military Intelligence, Signal, Human Resources, and Fire positions throughout the Regiment.

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2.3.5 Ranger Enlisted and Non-Commissioned Officers

Ranger NCOs are among the most experienced in the Army. They have multiple combat deployments and additionally, intense training experience. Their expertise and leadership are critical in planning and executing combat operations. NCOs also prepare junior enlisted Rangers for combat by emphasising discipline and training. They have extensive schooling with a broad background of conventional to special operations experience. NCOs ensure continued mission success and offer unique expertise for assignments in other Army units.

Junior Enlisted Rangers are intelligent, disciplined, physically fit, and also well-trained Soldiers. They possess enhanced combat skills and exceptional proficiency in infantry special operations tactics, techniques, and procedures. Junior enlisted Rangers are the future of the Regiment and the Army.

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2.3.6 Ranger School

Ranger School stands out as one of the most demanding training courses a soldier can volunteer for. It pushes the limits of both mind and body over the course of two intense months, preparing Army volunteers—both officers and enlisted soldiers—with essential combat arms skills. The primary mission of Army Rangers is to engage in close combat and direct-fire battles, necessitating a high level of rigorous training.

The origins of the Ranger Course trace back to the Korean War, initially known as the Ranger Training Command. It was restructured as the Ranger Department under the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia, on October 10, 1951. 

2.3.6.1 Purpose of the Course

The course’s purpose remains to develop combat skills and leadership abilities in a realistic, tactical environment under both mental and also physical stress, simulating actual combat conditions. They prioritize individual combat skills and leadership principles, sharpening military expertise in planning and executing a wide range of operations, including dismounted infantry, airborne, airmobile, and additionally, amphibious squad and platoon-size missions.

Historically, from 1954 to the early 1970s, the Army aimed to have one Ranger-qualified non-commissioned officer per infantry platoon and also one officer per company. To achieve this, all combat arms officers were required to become Ranger/Airborne qualified by 1954.

The Ranger course, now lasting 61 days, is divided into three phases: “Benning,” “Mountain,” and “Florida.”

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2.3.6.2 Benning Phase

The 21-day Benning Phase is the initial stage, focusing on assessing a Soldier’s physical stamina, mental toughness, and foundational tactical skills. It begins with the Ranger Assessment Phase (RAP week), which includes a series of challenging physical tests such as 49 push-ups, 59 sit-ups, a 5-mile run in under 40 minutes, and six chin-ups. Students also undergo a combat water survival assessment, land navigation refresher, and a 12-mile foot march with a 35-pound load. Following RAP week, the Darby Phase introduces troop-leading procedures, patrolling principles, and demolitions. Students tackle the Darby Queen Obstacle Course and engage in squad-level patrols, culminating in graded patrols and also, an airborne operation. Success in this phase requires demonstrating leadership in planning and executing combat patrols, with peer evaluations additionally determining progression to the next phase.

2.3.6.3 Mountain Phase 

Conducted at Camp Frank D. Merrill in Georgia, the Mountain Phase spans 20 days and immerses students in military mountaineering tasks and also continuous combat patrol operations in mountainous terrain. Training begins with four days of mountaineering instruction, covering knots, belays, and rappelling, culminating in a practical exercise at Yonah Mountain. Students then engage in combat techniques training, learning movement to contact, patrol base operations, and ambush tactics. The phase includes ten days of patrolling exercises, testing the students’ endurance and leadership in demanding conditions. Missions involve air assault operations and navigating difficult terrain, requiring the use of mountaineering skills. The phase concludes with students leading patrols, emphasising stamina and adaptability under extreme stress.

2.3.6.4 Florida Phase

The final phase at Camp Rudder near Eglin Air Force Base focuses on waterborne operations and also small-unit tactics in a coastal swamp environment. Students receive instruction on small boat movements and stream crossings, participating in extended platoon-level operations. The training further develops their ability to lead small units during airborne, air assault, and dismounted combat patrols against a sophisticated enemy. The phase includes ten days of patrolling exercises, emphasising raids, ambushes, and additionally, urban assaults in a realistic combat setting. Students are evaluated on their ability to apply small-unit tactics under extreme mental and physical stress, additionally preparing them for real-world combat scenarios.

Throughout Ranger School, students are challenged to push their limits, with only the most dedicated and skilled Soldiers earning the coveted Ranger Tab. The training equips graduates with enhanced leadership and combat skills, ready to lead and inspire their units in challenging environments.

2.4 Financing and Budget of the 75th

The U.S. Army’s overall budget proposal for the fiscal year 2024 is $185.9 billion, encompassing funding for various units and operations. Within this, the U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) has a specific budget allocation of approximately $9.1 billion, as detailed in the SOCOM OP-5 Fiscal Year 2024 Budget Estimates document. For the 75th Ranger Regiment, the budget also includes a reduction of $5,963 thousand in the Regimental Issue Facility (RIF) inventory support and logistics planners, based on planned force rotations for the year. The baseline budget for the regiment in FY 2023 was $38,361 thousand. These financial details are part of the Department of Defence’s broader fiscal planning, as outlined in the Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2024 Budget Estimates. These documents provide a factual overview of the financial resources allocated to the 75th Ranger Regiment, ensuring its operational readiness and also its capabilities.

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2.5 Leadership and Key Figures of the 75th

2.5.1 Colonel Kitefre Oboho

Colonel Kitefre Oboho currently commands the 75th Ranger Regiment. He was promoted to Colonel on January 5, 2022, marking a significant milestone in his distinguished military career. Additionally, as a 2002 alumnus of the University of North Georgia, Colonel Oboho has shown exemplary leadership and dedication throughout his service. Furthermore, his commitment to excellence and his ability to lead complex operations characterises his tenure with the Rangers. Under his command, the battalion continues to uphold the high standards of the 75th Ranger Regiment, further contributing to its reputation as a premier special operations force. Moreover, his leadership is instrumental in maintaining the regiment’s readiness and effectiveness in diverse operational environments.

2.5.2 Command Sergeant Major Chris Masters

Command Sergeant Major Chris Masters serves as the Command Sergeant Major of the 75th Ranger Regiment, a position that underscores his extensive experience and leadership within the U.S. Army. Additionally, he is known for his dedication to the welfare and development of the soldiers under his charge. CSM Masters also plays a crucial role in maintaining the regiment’s high operational standards. Moreover, his career is marked by numerous achievements in both leadership and tactical proficiency, which significantly contribute to the regiment’s success in various missions. Furthermore, CSM Masters’ influence extends beyond operational duties; he is a mentor and role model for the soldiers, fostering a culture of excellence and resilience within the ranks. His unwavering commitment to the Rangers is also a testament to his dedication to the U.S. Army’s values and mission.

3 75th Ranger Regiment Equipment.

3.1 Weapons

US Army Rangers armouries are stocked with a number of weapons systems, including:

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3.1.1 Carbines / Assault Rifles

• M4a1 – 5.56 x 45mm carbine
• MK 16 SCAR-L – a newly fielded 5.56 x 45mm carbine / rifle
• MK 17 SCAR-H – a newly fielded 7.62 x 51mm carbine / rifle

3.1.2 Machine Guns

• Mk 46 – a variant of the M249 SAW machine gun designed for special ops units
• Mk 48 – a scaled-up version of the Mk46 in 7.62 x 51mm
• M240 – 7.62 x 51mm belt-fed machine gun which can be carried or mounted on vehicles / tripods
• M2 – a heavy machine gun typically mounted on GMV-R vehicles

3.1.3 Handguns

• M9 Beretta – standard-issue US Army 9mm pistol
• Glock 19 – compact 9mm pistol

3.1.4 Sniper Rifles

• MK 12 Mod 1 SPR – a 5.56 x 45mm semi-automatic sniper rifle
• MK11 Mod 0 – a 7.62 x 51mm semi-automatic sniper rifle carried by Ranger marksmen
• M24 SWS – a bolt action 7.62 x 51mm sniper rifle based on the Remington 700 long-action
• M107 – extreme long-range anti-material rifle firing .50 BMG rounds

3.1.5 Missile / Rocket Launchers

• M136 AT4
• Ranger Anti-Tank Weapons System (RAWS)
• Javelin missile
• FIM-92 Stinger

3.1.6 Other Weapons

• M224 60mm mortar
• M252 81mm mortar
• M120 120mm mortar
• MK47 40mm Grenade Launcher:

3.2 Gear of the 75th

• Ranger Load Carrying System (RLCS)
• Multicam kit
• Crye Precision Multicam uniforms
• Body Armor carrier
• Magazine pouches
• Grenade pouches
• Hydration pouches
• Assault pack
• Sub-belt for survival gear
• Plate carrier
• Advanced demolitions charges
• Battering ram
• Hooligan tool
• Pry bar
• Axe

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4.3 Vehicles of the 75th

The Ranger Special Operations Vehicle (SOV) is a versatile 4×4 platform used by the 75th Ranger Regiment for light attack and reconnaissance missions. Based on the Land Rover Defender 110, the SOV is compact enough for helicopter transport, fitting within MH-47 or CH-53 helicopters, and can carry up to 7 Rangers.

Key Features:

Weapons Mounts:

• M2 .50 machine guns
• M240 7.62mm belt-fed machine guns
• MK19/MK47 40mm grenade launchers

Equipment:

• Communications equipment (radio mounted on the hood)
• Sand channels and shovels
• Spare fuel and ammunition
• Rations

Deployment:

• Each Alpha Company in a Ranger Battalion has 12 SOVs.
• SOVs are organised into 4 platoons, each with 2-vehicle sections.
• Supported by 2 Kawasaki KLR 250 motorcycles.

Variants:

• MORTSOV: Transports up to 30 120mm mortar rounds and can tow mortars.
• MEDSOV: Equipped to carry up to 6 litters for casualties.

Specifications:

• Engine: Four-cylinder turbocharged Diesel
• Dimensions:
  • Length 173.8 inches 
  • Height 76 inches 
  • Width 70.5 inches
  • Weight: 7,734 lb

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4 75th Ranger Regiment: Operations

The 75th Ranger Regiment excels in executing a diverse array of specialised operations, each specifically designed to achieve strategic military objectives. Their operations encompass airfield seizures, where they establish critical air-landing capabilities for follow-on forces and create trans-load sites for valuable cargo. These missions leverage both special operations and light infantry tactics to ensure swift and secure control of key terrain. 

In special operations raids, the Rangers target strategic assets and high-payoff targets, executing destruction or recovery missions while adhering to restrictive rules of engagement. This precision is mirrored in their urban combat operations, where they employ advanced Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) techniques, precision marksmanship, and advanced combative. These capabilities allow the Rangers to conduct operations at scales ranging from small squads to entire regimental forces, utilising a variety of infiltration techniques including airborne, air assault, and also ground platforms. This adaptability ensures the Rangers remain a versatile and formidable force in any operational environment.
Typical missions include: 

• Airfield Seizures:
  • Establish air-landing capabilities for follow-on forces.
  • Create trans-load sites for precious cargo.
  • Utilise special operations and light infantry tactics.
• Special Operations Raids:
  • Target strategic assets and high-payoff targets.
  • Execute destruction or recovery missions.
  • Operate within restrictive rules of engagement.
• Urban Combat:
  • Employ advanced Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) techniques.
  • Utilise precision marksmanship and advanced combative.

These capabilities enable the Rangers to conduct operations ranging from squad to regimental size, using infiltration techniques such as airborne, air assault, and ground platforms.

4.1 Battle for Hill 205, Korea, 1950-1951

During the Korean War, the Rangers played a crucial role in the conflict, particularly in the winter of 1950-51. In November 1950, the Eighth Army Ranger Company, under the command of 2nd Lt. Ralph Puckett, Jr., faced significant challenges as they engaged in operations against the North Korean People’s Army (NKPA) and later, Chinese forces. The Rangers initially led counter-guerrilla operations, securing key objectives and defending the flanks of advancing United Nations (UN) forces following the successful Inchon landing.

The situation shifted significantly when Chinese forces entered the conflict, leading to intense engagement in the Battle for Hill 205. On November 25, 1950, the Eighth Army Ranger Company seized and defended Hill 205. Outnumbered and isolated, the Rangers stood their ground, repelling multiple human wave assaults by Chinese forces. Lt. Puckett, despite sustaining multiple injuries, demonstrated exceptional leadership, earning the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions.

The battle highlighted the changing dynamics of the war, as UN forces were forced into a retreat. The massive Chinese intervention also shifted the conflict into a phase of attrition warfare, ultimately leading to the disbandment of Ranger units by the end of 1951. This period underscored the challenges faced by elite units in adapting to rapidly evolving combat scenarios. 

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4.2 The 75th in The Vietnam War

During the Vietnam War, the 75th Infantry Regiment, parent organisation of today’s 75th, undertook operations that were crucial to U.S. military efforts. One significant operation was Operation Junction City (February 22 – May 14, 1967), where Rangers played a significant role in targeting Viet Cong bases in the Tay Ninh Province near the Cambodian border. They conducted reconnaissance and also ambush missions to disrupt enemy supply lines and gather essential intelligence.

4.2.1 Tet Offensive

During the Tet Offensive (January 30 – September 23, 1968), the Rangers were actively involved in urban combat and counter-guerrilla operations in key cities such as Saigon and Hue. Their efforts were instrumental in regaining control from Viet Cong forces during this widespread and coordinated attack.

4.2.2 Central Highlands

In the Central Highlands, particularly in the Kontum and Pleiku provinces, Rangers frequently conducted long-range patrols to track and engage North Vietnamese Army (NVA) units. These missions often took place in remote and mountainous areas, requiring navigation and survival skills.

4.2.3 Ho Chi Minh Trail

Throughout the war, Rangers were also tasked with missions along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, a vital supply route for the NVA. They set ambushes and gathered intelligence to disrupt the flow of troops and supplies, significantly impacting enemy operations.

4.2.4 Operation Delaware

Additionally, during Operation Delaware (April 19 – May 17, 1968) in the A Shau Valley, Rangers conducted reconnaissance and direct action missions to support larger assaults aimed at clearing the valley of NVA forces. These operations underscored the Rangers’ specialised skills in reconnaissance and direct engagement, highlighting their adaptability and effectiveness in unconventional warfare.

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4.3 Operation Gothic Serpent, Somalia, 1993

In August 1993, units from the 3rd Ranger Battalion were dispatched to Somalia to participate in Operation Gothic Serpent. This mission aimed to stabilise the conflict-ridden country and assist United Nations efforts in delivering humanitarian aid. 

The Rangers, in collaboration with Delta Force, constituted Task Force Ranger, which was assigned the mission of capturing prominent leaders of the Somali militia under the command of warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid. On October 3, 1993, the Rangers executed a daylight raid in central Mogadishu to seize high-value targets. Although the operation initially met with success, the situation rapidly deteriorated, culminating in the notorious Battle of Mogadishu.

4.3.1 “Black Hawk Down”

The Battle of Mogadishu, also known as the “Black Hawk Down” incident, unfolded when two U.S. Black Hawk helicopters were shot down by Somali militia using rocket-propelled grenades. This unexpected turn of events trapped American forces, also including the Rangers, in a hostile urban environment. For nearly 18 hours, the Rangers held improvised defensive positions, engaging in intense combat with Somali militia and additionally, armed civilians. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Rangers killed between 500 and 1,000 Somali fighters.

The battle was marked by a series of planning and command errors. Critical support, such as AC-130 gunships and armoured vehicles, was denied, leaving the ground forces vulnerable. The lack of shared understanding of the operational environment and the enemy’s capabilities further compounded the challenges. Communication delays hampered real-time decision-making, contributing to the chaotic nature of the battle.

4.3.2 Relief at the Battle of Mogadishu

The Rangers and other U.S. forces faced a dire situation until a combined Quick Reaction Force (QRF) comprising American, Pakistani, and Malaysian troops, supported by armoured vehicles, arrived to extract them. The mission, while achieving its initial objective, resulted in the deaths of 18 American soldiers and injuries to 73 others. The battle also saw the capture of U.S. pilot Michael Durant, who was later released after negotiations.

The Battle of Mogadishu is often viewed as a pyrrhic victory due to the high casualties and the mission’s failure to bring lasting stability to Somalia. It underscored the importance of effective mission command, resource allocation, and understanding the operational environment in military operations. The lessons learned from this battle also continue to influence U.S. military strategy and tactics in asymmetric warfare environments.

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4.4 Operation Urgent Fury, Grenada, 1983

4.4.1 Prelude to Operation Urgent Fury

Grenada, located 1,530 miles southeast of Miami, Florida, had a complex political landscape in 1983. The island, only 133 square miles in size, was a major nutmeg producer and had a population of nearly 100,000. The political turmoil began with the overthrow of Sir Eric Matthew Gairy by Maurice Bishop’s Marxist government in 1979, which formed close ties with Cuba and also the Soviet bloc. The construction of a 9,000-foot runway at Point Salines, funded by Cuba, raised concerns in Washington about potential military use by Cuban or Soviet forces.

During Operation Urgent Fury in 1983, the 1st and 2nd Ranger Battalions of the 75th Ranger Regiment were tasked with securing key objectives on the island of Grenada. This operation aimed to counter a Marxist coup and protect American citizens. The Rangers’ primary objectives included seizing and holding the Point Salines airfield, securing the True Blue campus of the medical college, capturing the army camp at Calivigny, and securing Richmond Hill Prison.

4.4.2 Start of Operation Urgent Fury

The operation began with a planned tactical landing at Point Salines, which was altered en route into a full-scale parachute assault due to obstructions on the runway. The Rangers, led by A Company, 1st Battalion, successfully repelled a Cuban counter-attack at the airfield. Meanwhile, C Company, 1st Rangers, along with Delta Force, attempted an assault on Richmond Hill Prison. The 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (SOAR) pilots flew the helicopters, but heavy ground fire forced them to retreat, highlighting the intense resistance encountered during the mission.

On October 14, 1983, Bernard Coard and General Hudson Austin led a coup against Bishop, escalating tensions and prompting an urgent request for U.S. intervention from neighbouring Caribbean nations. The operation, led by Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf III, faced numerous challenges, including outdated maps and also the need for rapid planning. Despite these obstacles, the Rangers successfully executed their objectives, demonstrating their adaptability and effectiveness in high-pressure situations.

4.4.3 Conclusion of Operation Urgent Fury

By the end of the operation, U.S. forces evacuated 599 American citizens and 121 citizens from other nations. Despite the challenges and casualties, Operation Urgent Fury succeeded, underscoring the importance of joint operations and driving major changes in U.S. military command and control systems. The lessons learned paved the way for future improvements in special operations capabilities.

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4.5 Operation Enduring Freedom, Afghanistan, 2001

4.5.1 Prelude to Operation Enduring Freedom

Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) began on October 7, 2001, as a direct response to the September 11 attacks, marking the start of the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan. The primary objectives were to dismantle al-Qaeda and also to remove the Taliban from power. The 75th Ranger Regiment was pivotal in executing rapid deployment and direct action missions during this operation.

4.5.2 Objective Rhino

One of the early and significant missions was the assault on Objective Rhino, a Taliban compound in southern Afghanistan. This mission, conducted on October 19, 2001, involved the 3rd Ranger Battalion executing a nighttime airborne assault. The Rangers parachuted into the desert at night, securing the airfield and also establishing a FOB for operations. This mission demonstrated the Rangers’ ability to conduct complex operations with precision and speed. This was despite the challenging terrain and harsh conditions.

4.5.3 Operation Gecko

Operation Gecko was another critical mission targeting a compound believed to be a hideout for high-ranking Taliban leaders. The operation required meticulous planning and coordination. The Rangers, supported by other Special Operations Forces, conducted a swift and decisive raid, showcasing their ability to adapt to dynamic combat situations. The success of Operation Gecko was instrumental in disrupting Taliban leadership and operations in the region.

4.5.4 75th Ranger Regiment Throughout OEF

The 75th Ranger Regiment operates with high mobility and flexibility, enabling them to strike swiftly against enemy targets. Their missions included raids on Taliban strongholds, capturing key personnel, and additionally, gathering intelligence. These operations were often conducted along with Navy SEALs and also Delta Force. This highlighted the joint operational capabilities of U.S. military forces.

Throughout Operation Enduring Freedom, the Rangers adapted to the harsh conditions of Afghanistan. They provided critical support for conventional forces and also facilitated the movement of troops and supplies. Their presence in Afghanistan also contributed to counterinsurgency efforts. Working alongside Afghan forces they attempted to stabilise the region and also build local security capabilities.

4.5.5 Strategic Importance Of 75th Ranger Regiment During OEF

Operation Enduring Freedom highlighted the strategic importance of the 75th Ranger Regiment in modern warfare. Their ability to execute complex missions in hostile environments underscored their reputation as one of the most elite and versatile units in the U.S. military. The lessons learned from their experiences in Afghanistan have also continued to shape Ranger operations and training, ensuring they remain at the forefront of U.S. military capabilities.

The success of missions like Rhino and Gecko not only demonstrated the Rangers’ tactical prowess but also played a crucial role in the broader strategy of dismantling terrorist networks and establishing a more secure environment in Afghanistan. These operations set the stage for subsequent efforts to rebuild and stabilise the country. They contributed to the long-term goals of Operation Enduring Freedom.

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4.6 Operation Iraqi Freedom, Iraq, 2003

4.6.1 Prelude to Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)

Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) commenced on March 20, 2003, with the primary objective of dismantling the regime of Saddam Hussein and also eliminating Iraq’s alleged weapons of mass destruction. The 75th Ranger Regiment played a crucial role in the early stages of this operation, leveraging its expertise in rapid deployment and also direct action missions to achieve strategic objectives.

4.6.2 Seizure of the Haditha Dam

One of the initial and significant missions involving the Rangers was the seizure of the Haditha Dam. This operation was critical as the dam controlled the flow of the Euphrates River, and its capture was additionally essential in preventing potential flooding that could hinder coalition forces’ advance. The Rangers, along with other Special Operations Forces, executed a carefully planned assault, overcoming enemy resistance and also securing the dam. The success of this mission demonstrated the Rangers’ ability to conduct complex operations under challenging conditions.

4.6.3 Rescue of Private Jessica Lynch

Another notable mission was the rescue of Private Jessica Lynch, a U.S. Army soldier captured by Iraqi forces. On April 1, 2003, elements of the 75th Ranger Regiment, along with Navy SEALs and also other special operations units, conducted a daring nighttime raid on the hospital where Lynch was held. The operation involved precise coordination and intelligence gathering, culminating in the successful extraction of Lynch also resulting in no casualties among the rescuers. This mission highlighted the Rangers’ capability to execute high-risk rescue operations with precision and efficiency.

4.6.4 Involvement of 75th Ranger Regiment Throughout OIF

Throughout Operation Iraqi Freedom, the 75th Ranger Regiment was involved in various direct action missions, including raids on high-value targets, reconnaissance operations, and also support for conventional forces. Their presence was instrumental in maintaining pressure on enemy forces and disrupting command and control structures. The Rangers’ ability to adapt to the urban warfare environment in Iraq was crucial, as they operated in cities like Baghdad and Fallujah, where they engaged in close-quarters combat and also provided critical support to coalition forces.

4.6.5 Strategic Importance of 75th Ranger Regiment in OIF

The strategic importance of the 75th Ranger Regiment during OIF was evident in their ability to execute missions that required speed, precision, and adaptability. Their operations not only contributed to the swift collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime but also set the stage for subsequent efforts to stabilise and rebuild Iraq. The lessons learned from their experiences in Iraq have continued to influence Ranger training and doctrine, ensuring they remain at the forefront of U.S. military capabilities.

Operation Iraqi Freedom underscored the versatility and effectiveness of the 75th Ranger Regiment in modern warfare. Their contributions were vital to the overall success of the mission, demonstrating their role as an indispensable asset in U.S. military operations. The Rangers’ performance in Iraq solidified their reputation as one of the most elite and capable units in the U.S. Armed Forces.

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5 The Future of the 75th

The future of the 75th Ranger Regiment is shaped by its ability to adapt and evolve following thirteen years of engagement in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). The regiment is recognised as a lethal, agile, and flexible force, which is also capable of executing complex, joint special operations missions. As the Army’s premier raid force, the 75th Ranger Regiment is preparing for future roles by focusing on adapting training and refining tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs).

5.1 SOTD

The Special Operations Training Detachment (SOTD) at the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) in Fort Polk, Louisiana, plays a crucial role in this adaptation process. JRTC provides a realistic training environment that allows the Rangers to refine their skills across the special warfare-surgical strike continuum. Recent JRTC rotations have focused on meeting Ranger training objectives such as surgical strike capabilities, joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational (JIIM) interdependence, integration, and interoperability (I3), and SOF mission command.

5.2 Transitioning from GWOT Mindset

As the global war on terrorism (GWOT) mindset becomes less dominant, the Rangers are reestablishing their ability to execute basic infantry tasks effectively. This involves a focus on the fundamentals outlined in Army Techniques Publication (ATP) 3-21.8 Army Techniques Publication (ATP) 3-21.8, ensuring readiness for unknown future threats. The regiment continues to be a leader in casualty survivability, thanks to dedicated rotary wing medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) and also advanced medical training like Ranger First Responder.

5.3 FOE of the 75th Ranger Regiment

The future operating environment (FOE) presents varied regional threats, requiring the Rangers to maintain their elite status through continuous training and proficiency in the “Big Five”: marksmanship, physical training, medical training, small unit tactics, and additionally, mobility skills. JRTC’s immersive training environment provides the Rangers with opportunities to transform combat experiences into enduring TTPs, allowing them to respond effectively to short-term expeditionary or also extended combat operations.

In a nutshell, the 75th Ranger Regiment remains committed to preserving its elite strike capability by focusing on light infantry fundamentals and also adapting to the evolving geopolitical landscape. By leveraging training opportunities at JRTC and maintaining high standards of excellence, the Rangers are poised to remain the Army’s premier raiders and additionally, its force of choice for surgical strikes in future conflicts.

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5.4 Women in the U.S. Special Operations Forces

The integration of women into the 75th Ranger Regiment and also broader American Special Operations Forces (SOF) has been a complex and often contentious issue. The controversy primarily stems from debates over standards and the roles women should play in these elite units. In 2015, the Army made headlines when it graduated its first female candidates from Ranger School. Captain Kristen Griest and also First Lieutenant Shayne Haver where the first females to graduate. This came amid significant public scrutiny and allegations of lowered standards. This event sparked a heated debate between advocates of gender integration and those who were also concerned about maintaining the rigorous standards that define SOF units.

The U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) conducted several studies. These include the 2021 “Breaking Barriers: Women in Army Special Operations,” to address challenges faced by female soldiers. These challenges include equipment fitting, childcare, gender bias, and morale. Despite efforts to integrate women, the study revealed that a significant portion of male soldiers felt gender-related issues negatively impacted their interest in staying within SOF ranks. This highlighted generational differences in attitudes.

5.4.1 Critics of Female Involvement in the 75th Ranger Regiment

Critics argue that the integration could compromise unit cohesion and effectiveness. Supporters emphasised the importance of diversity and equal opportunity. The controversy is further fueled by concerns over physical standards and the potential impact on women’s health and career longevity. The debate continues as the military seeks to balance inclusivity with operational effectiveness, striving to optimise female participation without also undermining the core values and capabilities of its SOF. This ongoing discussion underscores the broader societal challenge of integrating women into traditionally male-dominated fields while maintaining excellence and readiness.

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6 75th Ranger Regiment: A Legacy of Leadership and Innovation

The 75th Ranger Regiment is a specialised unit within the U.S. Army, known for its ability to conduct a wide range of military operations. This includes airfield seizures and also direct-action raids. Originating in World War II, the Rangers have played significant roles in modern conflicts. This includes both Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Their motto, “Rangers Lead The Way,” reflects their focus on leadership and innovation.

The regiment has evolved into a highly specialised force. Its structure includes multiple battalions, each of which is additionally tasked with specific operational roles. This organisation allows for adaptability to diverse mission requirements and environments. The Rangers undergo rigorous selection and training processes, ensuring that members are well-equipped with advanced weaponry and also advanced technology.

In recent years, the Rangers have been actively involved in U.S. military operations. It deploys rapidly to conflict zones and also executes complex missions. Their integration of new technologies and tactics helps them address emerging threats and maintain their role in global security challenges. Emphasising light infantry fundamentals and continuous training, the regiment remains prepared for future conflicts.

Looking ahead, the 75th Ranger Regiment continues to focus on maintaining its operational capabilities and also adapting to changing geopolitical conditions. Their ongoing commitment to training and innovation supports their role as a key component of the U.S. Army’s special operations forces. The Rangers’ contributions to military history also highlight their significance in American military strategy.