Tensions between the Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance (FVEY) and China have increased over cyber-espionage attacks against Western governments. China has responded in kind by denying these attacks and claiming that Western governments are at fault. Technological developments by FVEY aimed at countering Chinese espionage threats are being developed at an increased pace. FVEY alliance members – Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) – are preparing to deal with an increasingly belligerent China in the cyber-espionage realm.

Key Judgement 1. It is highly likely that Five Eyes alliance nations will seek to collaborate closer on anti-Chinese actions in the next 12 months.

Key Judgement 2. It is highly likely that China will respond negatively to allegations by Five Eyes alliance members in the next 12 months.

Key Judgement 3. It is highly likely that Five Eyes alliance members will increase technology developments to counter China in the next 12 months.