Executive Summary

Across Europe, there has been a steep increase in both confirmed and suspected cases of Russian active measures over the past 3 years. This is part of a broader hybrid warfare strategy aimed at NATO members, with the goal of undermining support for Ukraine and weakening Western unity. While Moscow’s cyber threats and covert influence operations were once the most pressing concerns, attention has shifted to more kinetic forms of aggression, such as arson or assassination attempts.

Images sourced from – DHL