Executive Summary

We assess that current international efforts against the Rwanda-backed M23 rebel group are unlikely to halt the conflict or lead to the reclamation of territory taken from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). M23 made significant gains in recent weeks, capturing key cities, such as Goma and Bukavu. The area is rich in rare earth minerals, such as cobalt and coltan, which fuel Rwanda’s effort to support M23, although its government officially denies it. The territorial gains achieved by M23 provide it wider access to critical minerals in the region, allowing for easier transfer to Rwanda. The conflict has severe implications for the civilian population.

Despite joint efforts by the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), the Congolese military (FARDC), troops from South Africa, and international sanctions against Rwanda, there is currently no prospect for stopping M23.

Images Sourced From: UN, @VPMDefenseRdc, @AfricanHub_