Executive summary

Intelligence diplomacy, the strategic use of leaders of intelligence agencies as emissaries sent on special diplomatic missions, has in the past few years become more prominent due to heightened global security concerns and shifting geopolitical alliances. This strikes some observers as an alarming new trend. However, a look at historical examples paints the practice as non-concerning, if not normative. There are examples, however, of some authoritarian leaders inserting intelligence personnel into diplomatic roles as part of their strongman tactics, an effort to solidify control over government organs, not as part of an effort to navigate particularly challenging diplomatic issues.

Leaders of countries employ intelligence diplomacy when specific conditions–such as the parties involved, the sensitivity of the issue, timing, or geopolitical climate–suggest that using senior leaders from security services offers a strategic advantage over using conventional diplomatic representatives. We do not see any indications that this trend will change.

Images Sourced From: US Embassy Jerusalem, Nordic Monitor, US Office Pristina