Executive summary

Greenland’s strategic importance and internal vulnerabilities will likely sustain its role as a long-term target for influence operations amid ongoing Arctic competition between world powers. The island’s strategic importance, distinguished by its geography and resources, is almost certainly behind its rise as an information ops battleground. Since the beginning of 2025, Russia and the United States have been implicated in influence campaigns against Greenland, including Russian disinformation targeting NATO cohesion. While influence operations are not historically new to Greenland, the island’s demographics, dependent economy, and active independence movement will almost certainly sustain its vulnerability to future covert efforts through the 2020s.