Executive Summary

Tensions between Russia and Armenia have intensified since the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and Yerevan’s ongoing pivot toward the West. In recent months, Russia has demonstrated a pattern of early information campaigns ahead of Armenia’s 2026 elections, with recent reports indicating a large-scale, coordinated disinformation effort that we expect to escalate as the electoral period approaches. These campaigns are highly likely increasingly using advanced methods, including doppelganger sites, multilingual cross-platform amplification, and the first observed use of AI in Armenia. Nonetheless, given Armenia’s societal positioning and the EU’s strengthened, local counterpropaganda efforts, Armenian society, especially the youth, is likely less receptive to these disinformation campaigns than populations in other nations targeted by such operations from Moscow.