Executive Summary 

The term “stochastic terrorism” refers to the indirect incitement of violence through public discourse, in which provocative remarks lead to erratic acts of violence by people. Much of the discussion about stochastic terrorism was reignited on 06 January 2021, when a mob of supporters of then-President Donald Trump stormed the United States Capitol building. 

The rise of social media and increased political polarisation have created environments advantageous to the spread of extremist ideologies that fuel stochastic terrorism. As political leaders use inflammatory rhetoric and digital platforms to amplify controversy, the risk of this form of violence increases.

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