Executive Summary

We assess that China’s intelligence and military activities in Africa are increasing in sophistication, scope, and prowess. These activities are a significant part of its effort to advance its strategic geopolitical and also economic ambitions in Africa. [source]

China actively utilizes a “soft power” approach, preferring seemingly non-aggressive engagements through construction projects, military aid, and training for local militaries and law enforcement. While many African countries benefit from these policies, it also poses a risk of undermining the sovereignty of these very states.