Executive Summary

Russia is advancing a global critical-minerals strategy through state-led extraction, semi-private companies, and exploiting vulnerable mineral-rich regions. The Kremlin prioritises the development of rare earth elements (REE’s), lithium, and other natural resources to strengthen long-term economic resilience and industrial independence. By 2030, Russia is likely to significantly expand REE production and secure a stronger, more stable position in the global market. This push relies not only on formal diplomatic outreach but also on Russian-backed private companies that secure mineral access, particularly in Africa. Sanctions and instability pose short-term operational challenges, however the scale of investment and activity suggests they are unlikely to significantly impact Russia’s expansion in this sector.