Executive Summary

Sectarian and revenge killings, stemming from the legacy and grievances of the Syrian Civil War, are highly likely going to continue. The conflict, started in 2011 as a cross-sectarian opposition to Bashar al-Assad, quickly evolved into a sectarian war, further isolating the ruling Alawite minority from the other communities. Following the fall of Assad’s regime in 2024, there has been an increase in killings targeting the Alawite community. The current interim government has condemned the violence and started investigations, but prolonged bloodshed risks affecting the fragile cooperation with the Western world.