Executive Summary

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping global power dynamics, with Russia and China weaponising the technology to gain strategic advantage. On one hand, China is leveraging AI to expand its censorship and surveillance capabilities, tightening domestic control and influencing global information flows. On the other, Russia is prioritising AI-driven military applications and cyber warfare, aiming to counter Western dominance and enhance battlefield capabilities. Meanwhile, the UAE is emerging as a strategic AI player, navigating ties between the US and China to maximise its national advantage. The distinct strategies of these nations present unique challenges to global security and governance. As their influence grows, close scrutiny of their capabilities and intentions is therefore essential.