Executive summary 

The FBI Counter-Terrorism Division (CTD) celebrated its 25th birthday in November 2024, and amidst successes, challenges, and criticisms, it must now look to its future and address emerging challenges. The CTD has expanded significantly since its creation in 1999, especially following the 9/11 attacks. It has developed mechanisms to match emerging terrorist threats. Despite its successes, the CTD faced a number of high-profile failures, as well as concerns for civil liberties. The division is a cornerstone of the counterterrorism apparatus of the United States, but it must now adapt to a threat environment that gains complexity at an accelerating pace. 

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