Executive Summary

In recent years, AI-driven cyber threats have escalated, enabling cyberattacks—from state-sponsored hybrid warfare tactics and efforts to disrupt elections to individuals committing financial fraud—to become more autonomous and large-scale. Meanwhile, efforts to develop defensive countermeasures lag behind the advances of threat actors. Consequently, the threat of cyberattacks grows from both nation-state aggression in cyberspace and civilian cybercriminals. The threat landscape across sectors is expected to intensify as adversaries from both groups continue to develop AI tools, increasing their ability to exploit vulnerabilities with greater independence, scalability, and precision.

Images Sourced From: Bournemouth University, US Army War College, The White House, Coolcaeser