Executive Summary

Mossad’s operation in Lebanon involving explosive charges in pagers showcases an evolution in improvised explosive device (IED) design. It also serves as a healthy reminder of the potential for the weaponization of everyday electronics. Historically, we have witnessed a change in security procedures worldwide after such innovations came to light in attacks against aircraft and other targets–the 1988 Lockerbie bombing, the 2001 shoe bomber, 2009 underwear bomber, 2010 printer cartridge bombs, the 2013 and 2016 pressure cooker shrapnel bombs. The pager IEDs have already triggered changes in security procedures in the Middle East, including bans on certain devices from aeroplanes. This foreshadows potential shifts in global security protocols. 

Image Sources – Telegram & Gazette, Matthew Klint