Executive Summary 

In August 2024, post-quantum cryptography algorithms were standardised for the first time, marking a crucial moment in global cybersecurity. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has finished the development of three quantum-resistant standards of encryption. This step is extremely relevant regarding the safeguarding of critical infrastructure and covert communications. Security agencies’, governments’, and companies’ longstanding interest in the issue is driven by potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited with quantum computing. This has become an even greater priority in light of progress in the field and fear of its escalation. However, the widespread adoption of post-quantum cryptography still faces many technical and resource-related challenges. 

Images Sourced From: Pierre Metivier, J. Burrus/NIST