Executive Summary

Following the US’s delisting of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in July, Syria will likely attract international financial and diplomatic engagement. Domestically, it will attempt to utilise this new boon to strengthen legitimacy and governance efforts. On the other hand, delisting may also bolster Islamist hardliners and splinter groups within HTS in their criticisms of the governance-focused elements in the group. 

HTS’s delisting appears to have been a first step from the US, with further expansions into allowing selective reconstruction and the lifting of other restrictions following it. The Saudi government was one of the first to proceed with substantial investments following the delisting. This action thus highlights an example of direct impact resulting from the US’s decision.

Domestically, the HTS’s delisting provided the new government with both a boon and a challenge. The delisting allows the HTS to consolidate governance efforts, as highlighted by the renewed and successful efforts in international cooperation around northwest Syria. Conversely, hardliners within and outside the HTS perceive delisting as a sign of doctrinal dilution. Additionally, the HTS’s weak control over jihadist elements suggests possible ideological tensions.

Images Sourced From: HenMazzig, Presidency of the Syrian Arab Republic I, Presidency of the Syrian Arab Republic II, Presidency of the Syrian Arab Republic III